Risk in a changing world: environmental cues drive anti-predator behaviour in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the absence of predators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rapidly changing climates and habitats represent challenges faced by the majority of animal species on our planet, and are leading to rapid declines in global biodiversity. However, the degree to which behaviour is influenced by changing environmental cues is not well understood. Specifically, environmental cues that have been correlated with predator abundance or performance over evolutionary history may have significant effects on prey behaviour. In the present study, we investigated the role of water clarity on foraging activity in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the absence of predators. Foraging activity was significantly higher during the night than the day and was higher in turbid environments versus clear environments, indicating that decreased turbidity alone, may in part drive anti-predator behaviour and constrain foraging activity. Future work exploring the interconnectedness of environmental cues and behavioural changes will help us better understand the many ways rapidly changing environments can influence behavioural ecological processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".