Purification and Characterization of Polyphenol Oxidase from Callus Cultures of Portulaca grandiflora.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three isoforms of polyphenol oxidase (I-a, I-b and II) were purified from betacyanin-producing callus cultures of Portulaca grandiflora, by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by successive column chromatographies of DEAE cellulose, Sephacryl S-200, hydroxyapatite and Mono-Q. The molecular masses of the monomeric polyphenol oxidase I-a and I-b were calculated to be 66 and 65 kDa, respectively, when analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Polyphenol oxidase II appeared to be a heterodimer of two subunits with molecular masses of 25 and 27 kDa. The optimal pH for polyphenol oxidase activity of I-a and I-b was 5.0, and for II was 6.0. These enzymes were markedly inhibited by sulfhydryl binding reagents, ascorbate, kojic acid, copper-chelating reagents and Fe2+. L-DOPA (L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanin) was a good substrate for these enzymes, although no activity with tyrosine and hydroquinone was observed. The apparent Km values of polyphenol oxidase I-a, I-b and II for DOPA were 2.0, 2.2 and 3.5mM, respectively. No monophenol oxidase (tyrosine hydroxylation) activity by these enzymes was observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".