Evaluation of coexpression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in interleukin-1– stimulated equine articular chondrocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To characterize expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and regulation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by equine articular chondrocytes. SAMPLE POPULATION: Articular cartilage from the metacarpophalangeal joints of 7 adult horses. PROCEDURE: Equine chondrocyte monolayer cultures were stimulated with different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ng/mL) of recombinant human interleukin-1beta (rhIL-1beta) for 24 hours and then with rhIL-1beta (5 ng/mL) for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours. Concentration of PGE2 in the media was measured via radioimmunoassay. Total RNA was extracted from harvested chondrocytes, and regulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1 mRNA was studied via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay and Southern blot analysis with equine-specific probes. Western blot analyses were performed on cellular extracts to characterize expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 protein. RESULTS: Stimulation with 5, 10, and 20 ng of rhIL-1beta/mL caused a significant increase in PGE2 concentrations in the culture media, and incubation of cells with rhIL-1beta (5 ng/mL) for 6 to 24 hours increased PGE2 production significantly. The increase in prostaglandin production was associated with an induction of COX-2 and mPGES-1 transcripts. There also was an rhIL-1beta-dependent induction in COX-2 and mPGES-1 protein expression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Collectively, results indicated that the rhIL-1beta-dependent increase in PGE2 production in equine chondrocytes in monolayer culture was associated with coordinated upregulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression. The pathophysiologic consequences of upregulated COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression and of PGE2 synthesis in rhIL-1beta-stimulated equine chondrocytes remain to be elucidated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".