Determination of acephate and its degradation product methamidophos in soil and water by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and GC-MS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Acephate and its metabolite, methamidophos, are both highly polar organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and are therefore highly soluble in water, which leads to difficulties when traditional methods of extraction, such as LLE (liquid–liquid extraction), are used. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a relatively new, highly versatile method, which has proven successful in many cases that were considered problematic in the past. In this study, several adsorbents (polymeric and silica based) and parameters are considered and modified to obtain maximum recovery. Maximum recoveries for acephate and methamidophos were found to be 90–95% and 85–90% respectively with Oasis HLB cartridges and methylene chloride as the elution solvent. In order to establish applicability and reliability, the matrix effect of several real water and solid (compost and soil) samples was evaluated. A 20–30% diminution of recovery is noted for some samples with a complex matrix containing a high amount of dissolved organic matter. Keywords: AcephateMethamidophosSPEGC-MSWaterPolar pesticides Acknowledgements The authors thank the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Faculté des Études Supérieures of l’Université de Moncton for their financial support.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".