Microwave temperature and pressure measurements with the Odin satellite: I. Observational method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Odin satellite is equipped with millimetre and sub-millimetre receivers for observations of several molecular lines in the middle and upper atmosphere of our planet (~25100 km, the particular altitude range depending on the species) for studies in dynamics, chemistry, and energy transfer in these regions. The same receivers are also used to observe molecules in outer space, this being the astrophysical share of the project. Among the atmospheric lines that can be observed, we find two corresponding to molecular oxygen (118.75 GHz and 487.25 GHz). These lines can be used for retrievals of the atmospheric temperature vertical profile. In this paper, we describe the radiative-transfer modeling for O2 in the middle and upper atmosphere that we will use as a basis for the retrieval algorithms. Two different observation modes have been planned for Odin, the three-channel operational mode and a high-resolution mode. The first one will determine the temperature and pressure on an operational basis using the oxygen line at 118.75 GHz, while the latter can be used for measurements of both O2 lines, during a small fraction of the total available time for aeronomy, aimed at checking the particular details of the radiative transfer near O2 lines at very high altitudes (>70 km). The Odin temperature measurements are expected to cover the altitude range ~3090 km. PACS Nos.: 07.57Mj, 94.10Dy, 95.75Rs
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".