Adiponectin controls the excitability of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADP) is a 30kD adipocyte hormone whose circulating concentrations are inversely correlated with adiposity. In peripheral tissue ADP sensitizes cells to insulin and increases cellular triglyceride clearance however when injected i.c.v., ADP decreases body weight by modulating energy homeostasis and autonomic function. We have previously reported receptor expression and the functional consequences of receptor activation in two nuclei associated with autonomic control; the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the area postrema (AP), a brain stem circumventricular organ. Here we present preliminary data recorded from brain stem slices indicating neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) are also responsive to ADP (10nM). The NTS contains reciprocal connections with the PVN and AP and is a key CNS site in the regulation of appetite and energy expenditure. ADP exhibits diverse electrophysiologically effects on groups of neurons in the NTS, either depolarizing (10.1 ± 2.1mV, 3/10) or hyperpolarizing (−6.2 ± 1.2 mV, 3/10) the membrane of these cells. The effects are associated with an increase or decrease in spike frequency respectively and thus suggest that ADP has a functional relevance in controlling neuronal excitability. These results are the first to show that NTS neurons are responsive to ADP and may provide further insight into how this peptide acts centrally to increase energy expenditure and control autonomic output.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".