Effect of Subcutaneous Implantation of Anti-Siphon Devices on CSF Shunt Function
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anti-siphon devices (ASD) were initially bench tested at flow rates between 10 and 50 cm3/h and with the distal catheter height between 0 and -60 cm. There was a small increase in pressure with increased flow rate in the horizontal position (p less than 0.001). The inflow pressure initially dropped with the distal catheter height at -20 cm; it then rose progressively with distal catheter heights of -40 and -60 cm (p less than 0.001). To determine the effect of ambient pressure the devices were placed in a barometric chamber at pressures between -200 and +200 mm H2O. Positive pressures caused a linear increase in inflow pressure; negative chamber pressure reduced the anti-siphon effect. Eight ASDs were implanted subcutaneously in piglets and tested in situ weekly for 4 weeks. Implantation caused a mean increase in inflow pressure of 93.5 mm H2O 7 days after implantation (p less than 0.001) and which persisted for 4 weeks. Incision of the capsule surrounding the ASD at the end of 4 weeks caused a drop in pressure. The capsule consisted of an outer layer of collagen fibres with an inner layer of histiocytes. Subcutaneous implantation of ASDs causes an increase in the ambient pressure of the device which significantly increases their resistance to flow.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it