The Risk For Cardiometabolic Disease In An Ethnically Diverse Sample Of Canadians
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that there are ethnic based differences in the risk for cardiometabolic disease. In fact, ethnic-specific guidelines have recently been advocated for waist circumference and BMI to reflect the increased risk in varied ethnic groups for diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk for cardiometabolic disease in an ethnically diverse cohort of Canadians. METHODS: We assessed self-report physical activity and direct measures of height, weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose, and waist girth. The study sample consisted of Caucasian (n = 3563), Asian (n = 447), First Nations/Aboriginal (n = 287), South Asian (n = 223), South or Central American (n = 28) and Other (n = 105). RESULTS: As a population there was a high prevalence of physical inactivity (45%), overweight and obesity (via BMI; 63%), central obesity (via waist girth; 35%), and hypertension (21%). There were clear ethnicity-based differences in the prevalence of risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. Persons of Aboriginal descent were at the greatest risk for central obesity (67%), abnormal blood glucose levels (17%), diabetes (8%) and overweight and obesity (79%). Moreover, they had the highest overall risk score with 69% being classified as moderate to high risk for cardiometabolic disease. Caucasians were at the greatest risk for elevated blood pressure (26%) and hypertension (22%). Individuals of Asian descent demonstrated the greatest risk for physical inactivity (54%). South Asian people demonstrated the greatest risk of high total cholesterol to HDL ratios (52%) and elevated total cholesterol levels (44%). South or Central Americans were at the greatest risk for low HDL levels (37%) and high total cholesterol (18%). With respect to CVD risk, Aboriginal, Asian, and South Asians individuals generally exhibited abnormalities in glucose, blood pressure, and dyslipidemia at a BMI values that were below a BMI of 30. CONCLUSIONS: Within this population, significant differences in health risk indicators exist between ethnic groups. Persons of Aboriginal descent appear to be particularly susceptible to increased risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".