Clues to Dwarf galaxy Formation from Clustering and Kinematics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
If the CDM paradigm is correct, then dwarf galaxies are far rarer than dark matter haloes of comparable circular velocity at the present day. Some process or processes must suppress galaxy formation almost completely on these small scales. Several plausible mechanisms may explain the scarcity of dwarf galaxies in the local universe, but it has been hard to distinguish between the different models observationally. The spatial distribution and kinematics of dwarf galaxies contain additional information about the age and formation history of these systems. Interpreted in the CDM framework, they provide powerful new constraints on the physics of dwarf suppression, ruling out at high significance the simplest models, in which the halo occupation probability is constant above some fixed mass or velocity threshold. We describe recent tests of small-scale galaxy formation models using the satellites of the local group and other nearby groups, and discuss the implications of these results for studies of the stellar halo, sub-galactic dark matter and the reionization of the universe at high redshift.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".