A NEW MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE SOLVENT CHAMBER EVOLUTION IN THE VAPOR EXTRACTION PROCESS
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extensive physical modeling of vapor extraction (VAPEX) has been studied in the past two decades, yet the theoretical modeling of VAPEX has not gained much progress. The major VAPEX mechanisms, i.e., oil viscosity reduction through solvent dissolution and gravity drainage, occur mainly in a thin solvent − heavy oil transition zone. Therefore, modeling ofthe transition zone is the key to model the VAPEX process. Current analytical models are based on some potentially unreliable assumptions for the transition zone, such as steady-state mass transfer and constant boundary moving velocity. Numerical models cannot fully capture the physical features because the gridblock is usually much larger than the transition-zone thickness. This paper develops a new mathematical model for the VAPEX transition zone that is simplified as a piecewise linear profile and updated step by step. In each step, first, a solvent concentration distribution is calculated by using Fick's second law. Then the oil drainage velocity is computed by using Darcy's law. Finally, the momentary boundary moving velocity is estimated by using a mass balance equation. The VAPEX model is not only able to describe the evolution ofthe solvent chamber, but also characterize the dynamic oil properties across the transition zone. Compared with numerical simulation, this new model shows more sensitivity to the diffusion coefficient.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it