Ginsenosides as host resistance factors in American ginseng (<i>Panax</i> <i>quinquefolius</i>)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) produces a number of saponins (ginsenosides). The ability of saponins from cultivated American ginseng to inhibit fungal growth in vitro was evaluated. Fungi exhibited a range of sensitivity to ginsenosides extracted from roots collected in two growing seasons. Important root pathogens (Cylindro carpon destructans, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum) were unaffected by these phytochemicals at a concentration of 1 mg·mL 1 , whereas the growth of Alternaria panax and nonpathogenic Trichoderma spp. was inhibited. The same trend emerged when a range of ginsenoside concentrations was used on a subset of fungi. Hyphal growth of C. destructans was unaffected up to a level of ginsenosides approaching that found in roots (i.e., ~ 3% dry weight). The growth of F. solani was significantly less than that of the control at saponin concentrations of 0.1 to 3.0% (w/v), but was relatively unaffected in comparison to growth of Trichoderma hamatum and A. panax.Key words: ginsenoside, antifungal, pathogenic fungi, disease resistance, phytochemicals.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it