A Highly Accurate Pull-in Voltage Model for an Atomic Force Microscope Probe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A readily usable closed-form model has been developed to determine the pull-in voltage of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever probe under electrostatic actuation. The analytical model is derived based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Taylor series expansion of the nonlinear electrostatic force, and deflection function of the first natural mode of a cantilever beam. The model takes account of the electrostatic force associated with the fringing field capacitances between the cantilever probe and the substrate to predict a more accurate pull-in voltage. The developed closed-form model has been verified by comparing the model predicted values with published experimental results with a maximum deviation of 3.36%. The model has also been compared with a published closed-form model and 3-D electromechanical finite element analysis (FEA) carried out by the authors. The results are found to be in excellent agreement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".