Overcharging of Polyelectrolyte Complexes by the Guest Polyelectrolyte Studied by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyion complexes (PICs) of anionic block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(sodium methacrylate), PEO-block-(PMA)Na, and a cationic homopolymer, poly((methacryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride), PMOTAC, have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Pyrene and naphthalene singly labeled block copolymers were used with two different sodium methacrylate block lengths. The chain exchange between the stoichiometric PICs at the equilibrium state and the formation of the negatively charged PICs on addition of excess PEO-block-(PMA)Na to stoichiometric PIC solution were of interest. The chain exchange between the stoichiometric complexes was observed to occur via two mechanisms. The faster chain exchange occurs via insertion and expulsion of single chains, while merging and splitting of the PIC particles is behind the slower chain exchange event. Incorporation of an excess amount of the guest polyion into a stoichiometric PIC took place on further addition of the PEO-block-(PMA)Na. The same mechanisms were recognized in the overcharging process of the PICs as in the chain exchange between the stoichiometric PICs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".