“GOD, OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT”: ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS'S CHRISTIAN SPIRITUALISM
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phelps considers her engagement with spiritualism not as competing religious discourse but as a social spiritual movement through which she could reconsider her Christian world view. While Phelps rejected Calvinist doctrine, she identified herself as Christian to the end of her life, and the author argues that she drew from spiritualism the tools with which to build a reform platform and with which to renovate Christianity. Her continued preoccupation with supernatural phenomena might begin with her grandfather's recollections of his own poltergeist, but her repeated turnings to the spirit world offer both insight into cultural trends and avenues by which she engenders Christian reform. The author traces three trends in Phelps's spiritualist Christianity: those stories in which she explores the practices and manifestations of spiritualism, including seers, mediums, poltergeists and vengeful ghosts; the fiction in which she holds the veil between life and death firmly in place while she visits both sides of it; and, finally, those stories in which the only spirit manifestation is fully Christian.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it