Elaboration of Superhydrophobic Nanoporous Ceramic Membranes - Application to Desalination
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ceramic membranes are usually elaborated with metal oxides like alumina, titania or zirconia. These compounds have hydroxyl groups at their surface which give them a hydrophilic behaviour. In the field of membranes, it can be interesting to use membranes owning a hydrophobic behaviour. It is the case in the membrane distillation process. This process is based on a difference of temperature between the feed side and the permeate one. A very convenient method to change this behaviour is the grafting of particular molecules like fluoromolecules. The grafting was performed by immersion of the nanoporous membranes in a solution of the fluorinated compound in chloroform. Immersion time and fluoroalkylsilane concentration are the 2 principal parameters to be controlled. The characterisation was conduced by TGA, IR and Raman spectroscopy. The hydrophobic character was determined by measuring the water permeability and the water contact angle. Contact angles measured on flat samples are in the range 150 - 160°. The hybrid ceramics are super hydrophobic. Solutions of NaCl and seawater were filtered through the new membranes. The rejection of salts is total whatever their concentration.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it