Bibliographic record
Abstract
Do roots obtain water for their growth directly from soil surrounding the growth zone or indirectly, via phloem, from water absorbed elsewhere? Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied with time-lapse imaging of seminal axile roots, growing in soil and air in a custom-made laboratory rhizotron, before and after excision. The growth data were combined with a theoretical estimate of the amount of water that could be supplied from the phloem. Roots readily extended into air, providing strong evidence that they obtain a portion of their growth-sustaining water internally. The time-lapse experiments indicated that in moist soil, internal sources provided 26–45% of the water for root growth, but the rest came externally from the soil surrounding the growth zone. From the theoretical analysis, the phloem could supply, on average, 64% of the total, accounting for all the internal sources. This indicates that phloem water could be used when root tips cannot access external water, such as in cracks or pores, or regions of dry soil. The distribution of phloem-delivered water for root growth should be considered in whole-plant modelling of root systems. Maximising phloem flux at root tips might confer more efficient use of soil water by crops.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".