The Use of Electromagnetic Mixing Rules for Petrophysical Evaluation of Dual and Triple Porosity Reservoirs
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Electromagnetic mixing rules of the type developed by Maxwell Garnett, Bruggeman, and the Coherent Potential formula are shown to be useful for evaluation of the porosity (or cementation) exponent, m, in naturally fractured reservoirs represented by dual and triple porosity models. Comparisons are made with core data from limestone, dolomite and tight gas reservoirs to corroborate results from the theoretical models. Rigorous values of m reduce the uncertainty in calculated values of water saturation and hence improve estimates of hydrocarbons-in-place and recoveries particularly in situations where sufficient data are not available to utilize the material balance approach. The main advantage of the new method developed in this paper for petrophysical analysis is that it can handle with the use of one single equation the individual mixing rules mentioned above, and at the same time quantify values of matrix, fracture and non- connected vug porosity, and the cementation exponent of the total porosity system. It is concluded that electromagnetic mixing rules provide a useful methodology for petrophysical evaluation of complex dual and triple porosity reservoirs.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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