Genetic characterization and experimental pathogenesis of Piscirickettsia salmonis isolated from white seabass Atractoscion nobilis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An intracellular bacterium originally isolated from hatchery-reared juvenile white seabass Atractoscion nobilis in southern California, USA, was identified by sequences of the small and large subunit ribosomal (16S and 23S) DNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as Piscirickettsia salmonis. Considering all rDNA sequences compared, the white seabass isolate (WSB-98) had a 96.3 to 98.7% homology with 4 previously described strains of P. salmonis isolated from salmon in Chile, Norway, and British Columbia, Canada. Experimental infections induced by intraperitoneal injections of juvenile white seabass with WSB-98 resulted in disease and mortality similar to that observed in P. salmonis infections in salmon. After 60 d, the cumulative mortality among P. salmonis-injected white seabass was 82 and 40%, respectively, following a high (1.99 x 10(4) TCID50) or low (3.98 x 10(2) TCID50) dose-challenge with WSB-98. The bacterium was recovered by isolation in cell culture or was observed in stains from tissues of injected white seabass but not from control fish. There were no external signs of infection. Internally, the most common gross lesion was a mottled appearance of the liver, sometimes with distinct nodules. Microscopic lesions were evident in both the capsule and parenchyma of the liver and were characterized by multifocal necrosis, often with infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes. Macrophages filled with bacteria were present at tissue sites exhibiting focal necrosis. Foreign body-type granulomas were prevalent in livers of experimentally infected white seabass, but not in control fish. Similar granulomatous lesions were observed in the spleen, kidney, intestine and gills, but these organs were considered secondary sites of infection, with significantly fewer and less severe histologic lesions compared to the liver. The results from this study clearly indicate that infections with P. salmonis are not restricted to salmonid fishes and that the bacterium can cause a disease similar to piscirickettsiosis in nonsalmonid hosts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".