Morphological variation within and among five annual <i>Phalaris</i> species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accessions of annual canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.; 2n = 2x = 12) held within germplasm collections generally lack adequate genetic characterization for utilization in crop improvement. The objective of this study was to assess the level of morphological variation of accessions of five annual Phalaris species, including 49 annual canarygrass, 48 P. minor Retz. (2n = 4x = 28), 24 P. brachystachys (2n = 2x = 12), 19 P. paradoxa L. (2n = 2x = 14), and three P. angusta Nees ex Tris. (2n = 2x = 14). In 1993 and 1994, accessions were grown under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Eighteen morphological traits were measured on five plants per accession. Phalaris canariensis had intermediate culm height, wider penultimate leaves, shorter and wider panicles, and larger caryopses relative to the other four species. The six qualitative traits were monomorphic in all five species, except for glume pubescence in P. brachystachysand inflorescence type in P. paradoxa. The limited variation within and among P. canariensis accessions supports the idea that germplasm collecting activities are needed to broaden the genetic diversity held in North American Phalaris collections. Key words: Phalaris, germplasm, morphological traits
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".