Cyclic biaxial strain affects U937 macrophage‐like morphology and enzymatic activities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As monocytes migrate to the site of a foreign body and differentiate into mature monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), the cells undergo a morphological transformation that involves mechanical stimulation via membrane stretch. Because the site of many cardiovascular implant devices includes substrates that are also undergoing mechanical change, it is of interest to assess the effect of such dynamic conditions on cellular-biomaterial responses. This study investigated the influence of cyclic (0.25 Hz) biaxial strain (maximum 10% amplitude) on human U937 macrophage-like cells cultured on a flexible siloxane membrane. Cell attachment was unaffected by the strain but total protein levels were significantly higher in stimulated cells. Intracellular esterase and released acid phosphatase activities were elevated by dynamic loading in addition to a strain-induced increase of monocyte-specific esterase protein as demonstrated by immunoblotting analysis. The morphology of static cells changed with cyclic strain from a round cell shape to an irregular, spread phenotype with a progressive reorganization of filamentous actin. The focal adhesion protein vinculin showed distinct reorganization in structure going from a well-defined arrangement in static cells to a diffuse staining pattern in mechano-stimulated cells. This study has demonstrated that U937 cells respond to cyclic deformation with an augmentation of select enzymatic activities that have been identified as being important in polymer biodegradation processes, as well as morphological changes, which may be characteristic of mechanical stress-induced cell activation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".