Prestressing with Unbonded Internal or External Tendons: Analysis and Computer Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A method of analysis is presented to predict the behavior of prestressed concrete structures with internal or external tendons up to ultimate. The structure is modeled as an assemblage of plane frame members connected at nodes. The prestressing tendon is treated as a member with a small moment of inertia connected to the structural nodes with short arms. Because the centroidal axis changes with cracking and time-dependent effects, the nodes are located on an arbitrarily chosen axis called the reference axis. The analysis includes the effects of tension stiffening, and geometric and material nonlinearities. Any nonlinear stress–strain relationship for concrete and reinforcements can be applied. The analysis accounts for friction and slip of external tendons at deviators, variation of tendon eccentricity with applied load (geometric nonlinearity), and opening of joints in precast segmental construction. The computer program developed to perform the analysis method is verified using experiments on simple and continuous beams with internal or external tendons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".