Tunable photonic microwave filters based on all-optical mixing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to implementing an all-optical microwave filter that is suitable for direct deployment in a radio-over-fiber link. The proposed filter consists of a narrow linewidth laser source, two Mach-Zehnder electro-optic intensity modulators (MZM), a local RF signal source and a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG). The light emitted from the laser source is externally intensity modulated by a driving RF signal (RF1), and then injected to a second electro-optic intensity modulator. The second intensity modulator is driven by a strong local RF signal (RF2), to produce a spectrum with a carrier and multiple sidebands. Thanks to the frequency mixing effect of the second intensity modulator, the RF signal carried by the optical source is transferred to the sidebands as well. By using a CFBG as a dispersive device to induce time delays for the carrier and the sidebands, an all-optical microwave filter with only a single light source, but multiple taps is realized. The tunability of the proposed filter can be achieved by adjusting the frequency of RF2. A 2-tap lowpass filter with a free spectral range (FSR) tunable from 2.1 GHz to 4.2 GHz, and a 3-tap lowpass filter with a free spectral range tunable from 4.2 GHz to 4.8 GHz are experimentally demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".