Bibliographic record
Abstract
H ealth care should be clinically effective, cost-effective and safe.Worldwide, reforms are in progress to cope with the rising costs of health care resulting from demographic changes and medical advances.Two approaches are commonly adopted to address these challenges: utilizing the skills of the wider health care workforce and transferring the balance of care from secondary to primary care settings.At the same time, it is accepted that patients should be partners in decision-making about their care, which leads to patient empowerment and better health outcomes.These service reforms have been challenged because of concerns over safety, and continuity of care may have suffered.Patients complain of having to repeatedly tell an increasing number of different professionals the same details of their medical (and social) situations.A relatively recent concept designed to address some of these concerns is integrated care, defined by the World Health Organization as "a concept bringing together inputs, delivery, management and organisations of service related to diagnosis, treatment, care, rehabilitation and health promotion.Integration is a means to improve services in relation to access, quality, user satisfaction and efficiency." 1 Integrated care is not a single entity but a multidimensional philosophy of care, including vertical integration across settings and horizontal integration within teams.Those with the most complex health care needs are most likely to benefit from integrated care.Data from the United Kingdom show that 4 out of 5 people 75 years of age or older take a prescription medicine, and 36% are taking 4 or more. 2 Adverse events associated with medicines are increasingly common because of drug interactions from polypharmacy regimens, unnoticed contraindications to prescribed medicines due to comorbidities, and the physiological changes associated with aging.All health care professionals need to be aware of the changing balance of risks and benefits of medicine use in patients with complex needs, and pharmacists, as experts in medicines, are best placed to advise on safe and effective medicine management.Pharmacists know how integral their profession is to ensuring safe, clinically effective, and cost-effective medicine use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.048 | 0.163 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.016 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".