Use of Satellite Imagery for Establishing Road Horizontal Alignments
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Generating fast and inexpensive digital road maps and databases from high-resolution satellite imagery is becoming possible for various applications. This paper presents a new method for establishing road horizontal alignment using IKONOS 1m spatial resolution imagery. Road extraction algorithms were developed for two types of horizontal curves: Simple circular curves and reverse circular curves. The method requires only two and three unknown parameters for simple and reverse curves, respectively. Unlike existing methods of circle detection, the proposed method performs the search procedures in a much smaller area than the image size and achieves faster computations. The derived curve parameters represent useful inputs into a geographic information system database. The developed method has been tested using IKONOS images for simple and reverse curves. The results show that the proposed method converges in all cases and can be used for accurately establishing road horizontal curves.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it