Control of take-all in soft white spring wheat with seed and soil treatments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The root disease take-all, caused by the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is a serious problem in irrigated fields of soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) in southern Alberta. A 2-year field study examined the efficacy of ammonium sulfate or manganese sulfate alone and in combination with the seed treatment fungicide triadimenol for take-all control in soft white spring wheat. When take-all was severe early in the growing season, triadimenol alone or in combination with either ammonium sulfate or manganese sulfate usually reduced disease severity at anthesis and the mid-dough stage and increased yield relative to the take-all-inoculated check treatment. However, combining either ammonium sulfate or manganese sulfate with triadimenol did not further enhance the efficacy of the fungicide in reducing take-all severity or improving yield. Separate application of manganese sulfate did not reduce take-all severity or the percentage of whiteheads in comparison to the inoculated check treatment, while ammonium sulfate had an inconsistent effect on these factors. Reductions in take-all severity were directly associated with lower percentages of whiteheads. A concurrent field study examined the effect of broadcasting copper sulfate and then incorporating it into the soil to reduce take-all severity in wheat. The application of copper sulfate did not improve take-all control or increase yield. Both studies were conducted at sites where available manganese and copper were sufficient for normal wheat growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".