Entecavir therapy for lamivudine‐refractory chronic hepatitis B
Bibliographic record
Abstract
UNLABELLED: In hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients who were refractory to current lamivudine therapy, switching to entecavir was superior to continued lamivudine at week 48 for histologic improvement, viral load reduction by polymerase chain reaction and alanine aminotransferase normalization. We assessed the efficacy, safety, and resistance profile of entecavir through 96 weeks of treatment. A total of 286 patients were randomized and treated with entecavir 1 mg (n = 141) or continued lamivudine 100 mg (n = 145). At week 52, 77 entecavir-treated patients who had a protocol-defined virologic response (HBV branched DNA [bDNA] < 0.7 MEq/mL but HBeAg-positive) continued blinded therapy for up to 96 weeks. Patients were assessed for efficacy, safety, and emerging resistance. Cumulative proportions of all treated patients who achieved confirmed efficacy endpoints were also analyzed. Between week 48 and the end of dosing, the proportions of patients with HBV DNA <300 copies/mL by polymerase chain reaction increased from 21% to 40%, and alanine aminotransferase normalization (< or =1x upper limit of normal) increased from 65% to 81%. In the second year, HBeAg seroconversion was achieved by 10% of patients. Of the 77 patients in the second year treatment cohort, entecavir resistance emerged in six patients, and seven experienced virologic breakthrough (five with genotypic resistance acquired before year 2). The safety profile of entecavir in the second year of therapy was consistent with that reported during year 1. CONCLUSION: Through 96 weeks of treatment, 1 mg entecavir resulted in continued clinical benefit in lamivudine-refractory HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with a safety profile comparable to lamivudine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".