Detection of <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> in plant material using novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the specific detection of Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The method involves amplification of a 187 bp DNA fragment, probably of chromosomal origin. All 69 cultures of E. amylovora in an international collection from 10 host species in five countries were successfully identified using the primers. In contrast, discrete PCR products were not amplified from 29 other Erwinia species or from 20 other species of plant pathogenic and sapro‐phytic bacteria. A detectable 187 bp product was consistently amplified from reactions containing as few as 10 colony‐forming units in culture and plant tissue. In field trials PCR could detect E. amylovora in apple flowers before fire blight symptoms occurred. This method may have potential in pre‐symptomatic disease management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".