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Record W2052063938 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v67i4.1370

Enhancing Collaborative Pharmaceutical Care for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Survey of Community Pharmacists

2014· article· en· W2052063938 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Lisa M Zhu, Andrea Fox, Yu Chun Chan

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2014
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Canadian institutionsNorth York General HospitalSunnybrook Health Science Centre
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicinePharmacyKidney diseaseFamily medicineMedical prescriptionClinical pharmacyPharmaceutical careDiseaseMedication therapy managementInternal medicinePharmacistNursing

Abstract

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Background: The Kidney Care Clinic at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre provides multidisciplinary care for patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease. These patients are at high risk of drug therapy problems. Clinic pharmacists review medications and provide recommendations at each visit, but potential gaps in care exist between clinic visits. Community pharmacists are ideally situated to identify and resolve drug therapy problems between visits.Objectives: To determine community pharmacists’ confidence in managing care for patients with chronic kidney disease; to identify opportunities for improving collaboration between clinic and community pharmacists; and to determine the key clinical information that community pharmacists would use when caring for these patients.Methods: An anonymous survey was sent by mail and electronically to community pharmacies that were providing prescription medications for clinic patients. A total of 318 surveys were sent to 96 pharmacies. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics, including frequencies, ranges, and measures of central tendency.Results: Fifty-one completed surveys were returned (response rate 16%). Thirty-five (69%) of the responding pharmacists were not aware or were unsure that a patient from the Kidney Care Clinic was a client of their pharmacy. Forty-six (90%) were confident in providing counselling about medications used to manage chronic kidney disease, and 32 (63%) indicated confidence in recommending drug dosing changes based on kidney function. Forty-five (88%) of the pharmacists indicated a willingness to play a greater role in reviewing medications for patients with chronic kidney disease, and all agreed that they would benefit from education about the complications of this disease and their management. Clinical information ranked most useful included an updated medication list with indications and details regarding recent medication changes.Conclusions: Community pharmacists indicated willingness to have greater involvement in the care of patients with chronic kidney disease. The survey results revealed a need to increase awareness of clinic patients among community providers. Participants were receptive to continuing education, and initial efforts should focus on dosing adjustments of renal drugs and the complications of chronic kidney disease. Tools for transferring clinical information must be developed.RÉSUMÉContexte : La clinique de santé rénale du Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre fournit des soins multidisciplinaires aux patients atteints d’une insuffisance rénale chronique de stade 4 ou 5. Ces patients sont exposés à un risque élevé de problèmes pharmacothérapeutiques. Les pharmaciens de la clinique effectuent une évaluation de la médication et formulent des recommandations à chaque visite, mais certaines lacunes potentielles dans les soins entre chaque visite à la clinique ne sont pas à exclure. Les pharmaciens communautaires sont les mieux placés pour déceler et résoudre les problèmes pharmacothérapeutiques entre les visites.Objectifs : Déterminer à quel point les pharmaciens communautaires se sentent à l’aise à l’idée de prendre en charge les soins de patients atteints d’une insuffisance rénale chronique; identifier les occasions qui permettraient d’améliorer la collaboration entre les pharmaciens communautaires et ceux de la clinique; et préciser les informations cliniques clés que les pharmaciens communautaires pourraient utiliser lorsqu’ils s’occupent de ces patients.Méthodes : Un sondage anonyme a été envoyé par la poste et par courriel aux pharmacies communautaires qui fournissent des médicaments d’ordonnance à des patients qui fréquentent la clinique. Un total de 318 sondages ont été envoyés à 96 pharmacies. L’analyse des données reposait sur des statistiques descriptives, notamment les fréquences, les étendues et les mesures de la tendance centrale.Résultats : Cinquante et un sondages remplis ont été retournés (taux de réponse de 16 %). Trente-cinq (69 %) des pharmaciens ayant répondu au sondage ignoraient ou étaient incertains si un patient de la clinique de santé rénale était un client de leur pharmacie. Quarante-six (90 %) se sentaient à l’aise à l’idée de fournir des conseils sur les médicaments utilisés pour traiter l’insuffisance rénale chronique et 32 (63 %) ont reconnu qu’ils se sentaient à l’aise à l’idée de recommander des posologies adaptées à la fonction rénale. Quarante-cinq pharmaciens (88 %) ont manifesté leur volonté de jouer un rôle plus important dans l’évaluation de la médication des patients atteints d’une insuffisance rénale chronique et tous s’entendaient pour dire qu’ils tireraient profit d’une formation sur les complications de cette maladie et leur prise en charge. Parmi les informations cliniques jugées les plus utiles se trouvait une liste à jour des médicaments accompagnée de leurs indications et de précisions quant aux récents changements à la pharmacothérapie.Conclusions : Les pharmaciens communautaires ont manifesté leur volonté de jouer un rôle plus important dans la prise en charge des patients atteints d’une insuffisance rénale chronique. Les résultats du sondage ont mis en relief la nécessité de mieux signaler les patients de la clinique aux pharmaciens communautaires. Les participants étaient ouverts à la formation continue et les mesures en ce sens devraient d’abord être axées sur l’ajustement posologique de médicaments éliminés par voie rénale et sur les complications liées à l’insuffisance rénale chronique. De plus, des outils visant à transmettre les informations cliniques doivent être développés.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.014
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.013
Threshold uncertainty score0.025

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.014
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.061
GPT teacher head0.381
Teacher spread0.319 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations10
Published2014
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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