Combined food intake and exercise unmask different hormonal responses in lean and obese children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our purpose was to investigate the effect of obesity in prepubertal children on the hormonal response to exercise performed under different conditions of nutrient availability. Prepubertal obese (age, 10.3 ± 1.8 years; %body fat, 36.1 ± 6.1; n = 9) and lean (age, 9.2 ± 1.6 years; %body fat, 22.2 ± 4.1; n = 7) children completed 2 experimental sessions in which they performed a 30 min of cycling exercise at 50% of their maximal aerobic power either 1 h (T1h) or 3 h (T3h) after a standardized breakfast. Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 levels were assessed at baseline and after exercise. Urine was collected during the sessions, and catecholamine and glucocorticoid excretions were analyzed. A significant time effect was observed for IGFBP-1; postexercise levels decreased in lean and obese children (p ≤ 0.001). IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were not affected by obesity or food intake combined with exercise. In lean children, urinary excretion rates of epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and cortisone were significantly higher during the sessions than during the overnight resting period; in obese children, only epinephrine in T1h was significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Our study indicates that the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic adrenal medullary axis was similar in lean and obese children, based on measurement under resting conditions, but response to exercise performed in postprandial conditions was altered in obese children for both axes. In addition, exercise in the postprandial state elicited a decrease in IGFBP-1 plasma levels, whereas IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were not significantly altered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".