Assessment of short-HRT, on-line, fixed-film prefermentation of domestic wastewater for enhanced biological phosphorus removal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, pilot-scale, on-line, short-HRT fixed-film prefermenter systems were evaluated using Ringlace and Kaldnes fixed-film media for short chain volatile fatty acid (SCVFA) production, with screened raw domestic wastewater and primary effluent. In comparison to the control reactors without media, significant levels of SCVFA were generated in the fixed-film prefermenters. For the design considered in this study, the Ringlace media performed well, whereas the Kaldnes media resulted in clogging. The Ringlace media data show that, for a 60-min HRT, on-line prefermenter systems produced 11 and 5.5 mg/L of SCVFA (as acetic acid) with screened raw wastewater and primary effluent, respectively. Such a low HRT might translate into potential cost savings (up to 25%) in providing SCVFA to enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) plants and could lead to a completely new generation of prefermenter designs.Key words: domestic sewage, enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems, fixed film, prefermenter, short chain volatile fatty acids.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".