Why do municipal issues rise on the federal policy agenda in Canada?
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Under Prime Minister Paul Martin, the federal government developed a “cities and communities” agenda, with Ottawa prepared to be much more active about municipalities. The pendulum has swung back under the Harper government, which is far less inclined to intrude into this area of provincial jurisdiction. But these recent developments are not unique. The federal government was involved with the urban file in the 1970s through the Ministry of State for Urban Affairs, and there have been other historical instances of federal interest in municipalities. This article explores the factors that are associated with the place of municipalities and urban issues on the federal policy agenda. The time period covered is 1867–2005. The methodology is the one common to the agenda‐setting literature: cross‐correlation functions and lagged correlations. The authors think there may be three operative independent variables: rapid population growth in cities; restructuring of municipal systems by provincial governments; and financial stress. The analysis investigates the strength of each factor in placing urban issues on the national policy agenda. In the end, there is no single explanatory model to explain the rise of municipal issues on the agenda: history matters. Sommaire : Sous le régime du Premier ministre Paul Martin, le gouvernement fédéral d'Ottawa était disposéàêtre beaucoup plus actif auprès des municipalités en mettant au point un programme intitulé« Villes et collectivités ». Le pendule est revenu en arrière sous le gouvernement Harper, qui est beaucoup moins enclin à s'infiltrer dans ce domaine de compétence provinciale. Mais ces récents développements ne sont pas uniques en leur genre. Dans les années 1970, le gouvernement fédéral s'était investi dans les affaires urbaines par l'intermédiaire du département d'État chargé des Affaires urbaines, et il y a eu d'autres cas historiques d'un intérêt fédéral accordé aux municipalités. Le présent article examine les facteurs associés à l'importance qu'occupent les municipalités et les questions urbaines dans le programme de la politique fédérale. La période étudiée va de 1867 à 2005. La méthodologie est celle propre aux documents sur l'établissement de programmes : fonctions de corrélations croisées et corrélations retardées. Selon les auteurs, il pourrait y avoir trois variables indépendantes en jeu : une croissance rapide de la population dans les villes; la restructuration des systèmes municipaux par les gouvernements provinciaux; et le stress financier. L'analyse examine la force de chaque facteur pour placer les questions urbaines à l'ordre du jour de la politique nationale. Finalement, il n'existe pas de modèle unique pour expliquer la croissance des questions municipales à l'ordre du jour : c'est l'histoire qui compte.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it