First Principles Study of the Adsorption Structure of Ethylene on Ge(001) Surface
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adsorption of ethylene on the Ge(001) surface is investigated by the first principles density-functional calculations. Our total energy calculations and reaction path investigations clarify the relative importance of various adsorption configurations at 0.5 and 1.0 monolayer adsorption coverage. The results are consistent with the experimental data in the literature in that both the di-σ and paired-end-bridge configurations are the favorable structures on Ge(001). In addition, our calculation results clarify that having di-σ-bound ethylene and end-bridge-bound ethylene next to each other is unfavorable. Such new results imply that although di-σ-bound ethylene and end-bridge-bound ethylene may coexist on Ge(001), phase separation will occur to form adsorbate domains. The electronic structures have also been studied, and the band structure calculations show that both the di-σ and end-bridge models at 0.5 monolayer are semiconducting with a small band gap of ∼0.4 eV, which is slightly larger than the band gap of the virgin Ge(001) p (2 × 2) surface. Increasing the coverage to 1.0 monolayer further widens the band gap in both cases. The results thus rule out the past postulation that ethylene adsorption may turn Ge(001) to metallic.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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