The Influence of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor, Rolipram, on Hemodynamics in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Administration of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) intravenously has been noted to produce a shock state, which is characterized by hypotension and multi-organ system failure. The aim of the present investigation was to (a) examine the influence of rolipram on hemodynamics, plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels, and production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lungs, ex vivo, in LPS-treated rats, and (b) determine the cardiovascular effects of a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist, methoxamine, in the absence or presence of rolipram in rats treated with LPS. Blood pressure, cardiac index, heart rate and arterial resistance were assessed in Long-Evans rats anesthetized with thiobutabarbital. Administration of LPS to animals resulted in a significant reduction in cardiac index over time. The administration of LPS to rats resulted in a substantial rise in the plasma levels of TNF-alpha. Furthermore, the injection of LPS resulted in a significant increase in the iNOS activity in the lungs. Pre-treatment with rolipram prevented the decline in cardiac index in animals that received LPS. Infusion of methoxamine into animals injected with rolipram and pre-treated with LPS did not result in significant changes in cardiac index. Pre-treatment with rolipram or dexamethasone in animals injected with LPS significantly prevented the rise in TNF-alpha when compared to the respective values in vehicle-treated animals. Our present observations support the view that the cardiac index can be maintained in animals treated with LPS independent of iNOS inhibition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".