Different trigemino-vascular responsiveness between adolescent and adult rats in a migraine model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pediatric migraine displays different clinical features from adult migraine. Because the trigemino-vascular system (TGVS) plays a pivotal role in migraine pathophysiology, this study compared TGVS responses in a migraine model induced by intracisternal (i.c.) instillation of capsaicin in adolescent and adult rats. METHODS: TGVS responses measured included c-Fos-protein-expressing neurons in the trigeminal cervical complex (TCC), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and dura mater, and dural protein extravasation. The formulas for estimating total numbers of activated TCC neurons were established based on the c-Fos-positive neuronal numbers in three sample sections, +0.6, -1.2 and -9 mm and +0.6, -0.6 and -6 mm, from the obex in adult and adolescent rats, respectively. RESULTS: After capsaicin instillation, adolescent rats had comparable TCC neurons activated as adult rats, but less TGVS peripheral responsiveness than adults, including CGRP immunoreactivity in the TG, and protein extravasation and CGRP depletion (inversely reflected by CGRP immunoreactivity) in the dura mater. CONCLUSIONS: Age-dependent differences in TGVS responsiveness in the i.c. capsaicin-induced migraine model of rats are reminiscent of less severe migraine in pediatric patients. This finding may provide new insight into the pathophysiology of migraine and guide the development of new anti-migraine drugs for children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".