Consumer Legal Literacy, Values and Consumerism Practices among Members of Consumer Association in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Self-protection is an important component that has been outlined under the Malaysian National Consumer Policy(NCP). It is essential to achieve government’s vision through promoting the community of consumers who areconstantly aware and knowledgeable of their rights and responsibilities. Respondents are comprised of membersof consumer association (GPS) found in Institute of Higher Education. Therefore, this study aims to determinethe level of consumer legal literacy, values of the consumers and their consumerism practices in the marketplace.A total of 400 respondents among the members of GPS have been selected through systematic samplingtechnique and the data were collected using a survey. It was found that the respondents were more aware of theirrights rather than their responsibilities. Respondents also have poor in knowledge regarding logos and consumerlegal literacy. While the value that possessed by the respondents is focused on the environmental values andconsumerism practices are more likely to seek information. Based on profiling of the respondents, it can beconcluded that the characteristics of respondents who should have given emphasis to are the member of GPS,aged between 18-20 years, studying at public universities, pursuing in Arts, member with less than one year ofmembership and only being ordinary members in the association. Accordingly, the results of this study can bebeneficial to the government, consumer organizations and universities in the development of policy, conductingeducational activities, improves the current learning modules so that consumerism programs in the future couldbe upgraded.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".