Temporally and spatially resolved ballistic pure spin transport
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ballistic movement of spin-polarized electrons in a semiconductor is spatially and temporally resolved. Pure spin currents are injected into $\mathrm{GaAs}$ quantum wells at $80\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ by optical quantum interference processes, and the subsequent ballistic transport is measured by pump-probe techniques having $\ensuremath{\sim}200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ temporal and $\ensuremath{\sim}1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ spatial resolution. An average injection velocity of $\ensuremath{\sim}50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}∕\mathrm{ps}$ and spin momentum relaxation times ranging from 1.2 to $0.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$ are extracted for carrier densities varying from 1.5 to $12\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ when the electrons are excited into the conduction band with excess energy $\ensuremath{\sim}25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$, less than that of one optical phonon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".