Multichannel SAR Image Classification by Finite Mixtures, Copula Theory and Markov Random Fields
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we develop a supervised classification approach for medium and high resolution multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) amplitude images. The proposed technique combines finite mixture modeling for probability density function estimation, copulas for multivariate distribution modeling and a Markov random field (MRF) approach to Bayesian classification. The novelty of this research is in introduction of copulas to classification of D‐channel SAR, with D⩽3, within the mainframe of finite mixtures—MRF approach. This generalization results in a flexible and well performing multichannel SAR classification technique. Its accuracy is validated on several multichannel Quad‐pol RADARSAT‐2 images and compared to benchmark classification techniques.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it