UV‐B cloud optical properties for Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cloud optical properties play a highly significant role in the amount of UV‐B irradiance reaching the ground. Broadband values of UV‐B cloud optical properties are calculated for nine Canadian stations from 26 years of data. Cloud single scattering albedo ωc and asymmetry factor gc are computed from Mie theory for two values of equivalent droplet radius; 7 µm for arctic stations and 10 µm for midlatitude and subarctic stations. Overcast cloud optical depths τc are estimated iteratively for a model cloud layer located between 2 and 3 km above the surface from hourly integrated spectral Brewer spectrophotometer measurements for snow‐free cases using either the discrete ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) or the delta‐Eddington algorithms. Median τc values calculated by both algorithms compare to within 3%. Median values are smaller for arctic stations (9–18) and between 26 and 38 for the rest. Both mean and median values are negatively correlated with latitude. Aerosol effect on τc varies between 9 and 18% on average. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".