Association studies of the CT repeat polymorphism in the 5′ upstream region of the cholecystokinin B receptor gene with panic disorder and schizophrenia in Japanese subjects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The tetrapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK), CCK-4, is known to induce panic attacks in human subjects, while CCK-8 is reported to have a therapeutic effect on schizophrenia symptoms. Recently, we have identified a novel microsatellite polymorphism in the 5' upstream region of the CCK gene and shown a significant association between this polymorphism and panic disorder. In this study, we have investigated the CCK-B receptor (CCKBR) gene, which is the main constituent of the CCK receptor in the CNS. Recently, a dinucleotide repeat, (CT)(n), in the 5' regulatory region of the CCKBR gene was reported to be associated with panic disorder in Canadian samples. To evaluate an association of the CT repeat with panic disorder and schizophrenia, we genotyped 71 subjects with panic disorder, 154 schizophrenics and 199 controls. However, no evidence of allelic association was found between the polymorphic repeat of the CCKBR gene and either panic disorder or schizophrenia (P = 0.186 and 0.987, respectively). Together with the negative reports on association analyses using other polymorphisms of the CCKBR gene and Japanese samples, the present results exclude a major genetic contribution of the CCKBR gene to susceptibilities to panic disorder and schizophrenia in Japanese cohorts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".