Low and High Frequency Pulse Current Plating of Copper onto a Rotating Disk Electrode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comprehensive mathematical model for galvanostatic pulse plating has been developed and compared with the experimentally obtained electrode response during the deposition of copper from a sulfuric acid solution onto a rotating disk electrode. The model incorporates diffusional, convective, and migrational transport, electrode kinetics, and homogeneous reaction and capacitance effects due to the electrical double layer (dl) and the adsorption of an intermediate. The effect of the electrical dl at both low and high frequency pulse plating has been investigated. The model has been fit to the electrode potentials monitored during electrodeposition via a digital oscilloscope and been found to agree very well quantitatively with the experimental data over the frequency range from 50 Hz to 50 kHz, although the agreement decreases somewhat at the highest frequency. Analysis of the model shows that the effect of the pseudocapacitance due to the adsorption of a intermediate plays a major role during pulse plating, while the effect of electrical dl capacitance is significant at low frequencies, but becomes very small at high frequencies. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".