Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate how cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), one of the enzymes involved in the reverse cholesterol transfer, is expressed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its potential relationship with both dyslipidemia and the risk of cardiovascular mortality observed in these patients. METHODS: Plasma CETP concentrations and CETP activity were measured in 101 patients with RA and 115 sex- and age-matched controls. A multivariable analysis adjusted for standard cardiovascular risk factors, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, was performed to evaluate the influence of CETP on dyslipidemia and cardiovascular mortality risk, as assessed by the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) risk function. RESULTS: Patients with RA showed lower CETP activity [beta coefficient = -10.82 (95% CI -19.56 to 2.07) pmol/3 h; p = 0.02] and an inferior CETP mass [β = -0.85 (95% CI -1.64 to 0.05) μg/ml; p = 0.03] versus controls. Divided into those taking and those not taking glucocorticoids, patients taking glucocorticoids revealed lower CETP activity and mass [β = -8.98 (95% CI -14.55 to 3.41) pmol/3 h; p = 0.00, for CETP activity; and β = -0.77 (95% CI -1.46 to 0.08) μg/ml; p = 0.03, for CETP mass]. Patients with RA not taking glucocorticoids showed no differences versus controls in either CETP activity or mass. Both current prednisone intake [β = -16.14 (95% CI -24.87 to 7.41) pmol/3 h; p = 0.00] and average daily prednisone intake during the last 3 months [β = -0.36 (95% CI -0.54 to 0.18) μg/ml; p = 0.01] were strongly and inversely correlated with CETP activity and mass, respectively. CETP activity showed an inverse trend compared to SCORE risk, demonstrating that lower levels were effective predictors of total mortality when a higher SCORE risk was found [β = -4.7 (95% CI -9.3 to 0.02) pmol/3 h; p = 0.04] in patients with RA. CONCLUSION: CETP is downregulated in patients with RA who are taking glucocorticoids. Low CETP activity is associated with an increased level of cardiovascular risk in patients with RA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".