Effects of long-distance migration on circulating lipids of sockeye salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lipids circulate as nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) or as triacylglycerol (TAG) associated with phospholipids (PLs), the two main components of lipoproteins. Changes in plasma lipid levels of migrating salmon were anticipated in response to the combined demands of exercise and osmoregulation. Circulating NEFAs, TAG, and PLs were measured in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at different stages of their 500 km migration up the Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada). We found that NEFAs represent <7% of total plasma fatty acids (FAs) and show only a minor decrease during migration. In contrast, lipoproteins account for >93% of all the energy of circulating lipids, and concentrations of their main constituents show 27-fold (TAG) and 6-fold (PLs) decreases. The most pronounced change in FA composition of plasma lipids was found in the sample immediately after freshwater transition, with an increase in TAG eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) and a decrease in TAG palmitic acid (16:0). Lipoproteins are therefore involved in key physiological processes necessary for successful spawning. Previous investigations of lipid metabolism in swimming salmon have focused on plasma NEFAs, but this study shows that shifting attention to lipoproteins should prove more fruitful for future studies of migration energetics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".