Occurrence of ochratoxin A in Canadian wheat shipments, 2010–12
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Randomly selected domestic and export shipments (n = 1907) of Canadian durum and other wheat that occurred between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012 were analysed for ochratoxin A (OTA). The majority of samples did not contain OTA above the LOQ of 1 μg kg⁻¹. Only 37% of samples analysed contained quantifiable OTA; the median OTA of the positive results was 2.10 μg kg⁻¹. Canada Western Amber Durum shipments contained OTA more frequently, and at slightly higher concentrations, than Canada Western Red Spring wheat. For both wheat classes the frequency of OTA occurrence and mean concentrations appeared to increase in the lower grades, but these increases were not statistically significant. A periodic trend of a late summer increase of mean monthly OTA concentrations in shipments appears tied to the cycle of producer deliveries of wheat to primary grain elevators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".