Ammonia Volatilization and Selected Soil Characteristics Following Application of Anaerobically Digested Pig Slurry
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ammonia volatilization occurs shortly following land application of pig slurry. Several slurry and soil characteristics modulate the intensity of this process, and their net effect on volatilization is still hard to predict. Our aim was to compare volatilization following application of anaerobically stored (ASPS) and anaerobically digested (ADPS) pig slurry to a bare loamy soil (loamy, mixed, frigid, Aeric Haplaquept). Ammonia volatilization was measured using wind tunnels. Soil pH and water, NH + 4 , NO − 3 , and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents were monitored in the 0‐ to 0.5‐, 0.5‐ to 2‐, 2‐ to 5‐, and 5‐ to 10‐cm soil layers to explain volatilization rates. Following slurry application, pH increased by 1 to 3 units in the top 2 cm of soil, resulting in high volatilization rates in the first 6 h of experiment. Thereafter, pH decreased more slowly in ASPS than ADPS plots, possibly due to the degradation of VFAs present in ASPS. After 2 d, 35% of slurry‐added NH + 4 –N was lost as NH 3 –N for both slurries, corresponding well to the net decrease found in soil NH + 4 –N content. After 9 d, net soil NH + 4 –N disappearance accounted for about 60% of slurry‐added NH + 4 –N for both slurries, whereas NH 3 –N losses represented only 40%. Therefore, for the first 2 d of the experiment NH 3 volatilization explained most of the decline in soil NH + 4 Afterwards, biological processes, such as immobilization and nitrification, were assumed to play a significant role in slurry NH + 4 disappearance. Despite marked changes in slurry properties, anaerobic digestion did not significantly modify the proportion of slurry N that was lost as NH 3 Ammonia volatilization was related mostly to soil pH and NH + 4 content in the top 2 cm of soil. Below 5‐cm depth, slurry application had little effect on soil pH, water, VFA, or mineral N content. This finding stresses the importance of stratified soil sampling when studying the short‐term effects of pig slurry on NH 3 volatilization and associated soil properties.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it