Wide Band Room Temperature 0.35-dB Noise Figure LNA in 90-nm Bulk CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Design and measurements of a room temperature 700 MHz - 1400 MHz low noise amplifier (LNA) in 90-nm bulk CMOS, intended for use in the Canadian large adaptive reflector (CLAR) radio telescope, are presented. The new bandwidth constrained LNA noise figure optimization and broad-banding technique as well as the importance of substrate shielding are discussed. The amplifier has 0.35 dB noise figure while consuming 45 mW of power from a 1-V supply and achieves output P1dB of -5.3 dBm and output IP3 of 7.5 dBm with the gain (S21) ranging from 20.5 dB to 16.3 dB across the band. The LNA's input and output impedances are matched to 50 Omega. The LNA represents the first CMOS design that satisfies the very demanding requirements of radio telescopes. The topology and optimization presented in this paper are not limited to radio astronomy applications and can be applied for wide band commercial applications such as tri-band GSM operating in the 850 MHz - 1900 MHz frequency range
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".