Altered expression of connexins 26 and 43 in Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules infiltrated with carcinoma‐<i>in‐situ</i> or seminoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The expression of connexins (cx) 26 and 43 in testis infiltrated with carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) or seminoma was examined to gain insight into the relationship between aberrant gap junctional communication and spermatogenic impairment in the neoplastic testis. In uninvolved tubules with normal spermatogenesis, cx43 immunostaining was localized to the Sertoli-Sertoli junctional complex and cx26 was absent. In contrast, infiltrated tubules with spermatogonial arrest or CIS-only were negative for cx43, but displayed strong intracytoplasmic Sertoli cell staining for cx26. The Sertoli cells in these tubules re-expressed cytokeratin 18 (ck18), signifying a reversion to a less differentiated state. Western blot analysis for cx43 revealed a single immunoreactive band at 43 kD (normal spermatogenesis) and three bands at 43, 41, and 39 kD (impaired spermatogenesis with CIS or seminoma). For cx26, a doublet band at 26/28 kD (normal spermatogenesis) and an additional doublet band at 52/54 kD (impaired spermatogenesis with CIS or seminoma) were observed. The altered expression of cx26 and cx43 in Sertoli cells in testes infiltrated with CIS or seminoma suggests that a derangement in intercellular communication between Sertoli cells and between Sertoli cells and germ cells may play a role in the resulting spermatogenic impairment and possibly in the proliferation and neoplastic progression of CIS cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".