Mining FDI and urban economies in sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring the possible linkages
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the mid-1990s many African countries have experienced rapid and sustained growth in foreign direct investment associated with the exploitation of oil and mineral resources. This has seen economic growth in some countries rising to levels more generally associated with fast-growth Asian nations. Previous bouts of mining-related commodity booms in parts of the continent were often described as doing little more than mimicking the patterns of colonial-extractive development, thus leading to little in the way of sustained and more widely felt economic transformations. However, in a context where African cities are continuing to grow, it is important to explore the relationships, if any, between this increasingly dominant contributor to GDP and investment in urban centres. This article explores some recent research in an effort to consider what the possible connections between mineral and urban economic trajectories might be with reference to a few selected countries. These include economic opportunities arising from urbanisation itself and those related to backward and forward linkages of both formal and informal mining processes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it