Bibliographic record
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal cellular organelle in which correct folding and maturation of transmembrane, secretory, and ER-resident proteins occur. Research over the past decade has demonstrated that mutations in proteins or agents/conditions that disrupt protein folding adversely affect ER homeostasis, leading to ER stress. This in turn initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR), an integrated intracellular signalling pathway that responds to ER stress by increasing the expression of ER-resident molecular chaperones, attenuating global protein translation and degrading unfolded proteins. Failure to relieve prolonged or acute ER stress causes the cell to undergo apoptotic cell death. Recent groundbreaking studies have provided compelling evidence that ER stress and UPR activation contribute to the development and progression of human disease, including neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the ability of the UPR to modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis provides important cellular clues as to how this evolutionarily conserved cellular-stress pathway maintains and responds to both normal physiologic and pathologic processes. In this Forum issue, many aspects of the UPR are reviewed in the context of how ER stress and UPR activation influence human disease. This current information provides a solid foundation for future investigations aimed at targeting the UPR in an attempt to reduce the risk of human disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".