Bibliographic record
Abstract
Résumé Cet article analyse l’impact de la sous-traitance sur l’emploi et les salaires des entreprises donneuses d’ordres et des entreprises qui se livrent à la sous-traitance. Cette analyse porte sur le contexte québécois, où l’article 45 du Code du travail du Québec limite et réglemente les modalités de recours à la sous-traitance par les entreprises syndiquées. À la lumière de l’expérience ontarienne et d’autres travaux appliqués au Québec, nous concluons que l’article 45 du Code du travail du Québec a relativement peu d’impact sur le recours à la sous-traitance. Par contre, l’expérience ontarienne indique que l’existence d’une telle clause dans le Code du travail favorise l’éclosion de clauses privées limitant le recours à la sous-traitance dans les conventions collectives. Ces clauses privées, au contraire du Code, ont un impact majeur sur la capacité d’impartition des entreprises. Les employeurs ont ainsi une grande responsabilité quant à l’éducation de leurs travailleurs relativement à ce débat.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".