<i>FLRT2</i> promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits cell adhesion during chondrogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the earliest events during chondrogenesis is the formation of condensations, a necessary pre-requisite for subsequent differentiation of a chondrogenic phenotype. Members of the Fibronectin Lecucine Rich Transmembrane (FLRT) proteins have been shown to be involved in cell sorting and neurite outgrowth. Additionally, FLRT2 is highly expressed at putative sites of chondrogenic differentiation during craniofacial development. In this study, we demonstrate that FLRT2 plays a role in mediating cell proliferation and cell-cell interactions during early chondrogenesis. Clones of stable transfectants of a murine chondroprogenitor cell line, ATDC5, were established in which FLRT2 was knocked down or overexpressed. Cells in which FLRT2 was knocked down proliferated at a slower rate compared to control wild-type ATDC5 cells or those containing a non-coding shRNA. In addition, FLRT2 knockdown cells formed numerous lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) stained aggregates and exhibited higher expression of the cell adhesion molecule, N-cadherin. In an in vitro wound healing assay, fewer FLRT2 knockdown cells appeared to migrate into the defect. Surprisingly, the FLRT2 knockdown cells demonstrated increased formation of Alcian blue-stainable extracellular matrix, suggesting that their reduced aggregate formation did not inhibit subsequent chondrogenic differentiation. The opposite trends were observed in ATDC5 clones that overexpressed FLRT2. Specifically, FLRT overexpressing cells proliferated faster, formed fewer PNA-positive aggregates, accumulated increased Alcian blue-positive matrix, and migrated faster to close a wound. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for a role of FLRT2 in enhancing cell proliferation and reducing intercellular adhesion during the early stages of chondrogenesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".